Plato :: essays research papers

Plato was a Greek philosopher during the fourth century BCE. He was born in 427BCE, during the Golden Age of capital of Greece. His blood line was three familys after the Peloponnesian War began and one year after Pericles died from the plague. Plato was the son of Ariston, a descendant from the last king of Athens and Perictone, a descendant of Solon. Solon was an aristocratic reformer who wrote the constitution that naturalised Athenian democracy. Platos family supported Pericles as leader of Athens.Elected every year as the first citizen of aristocracy , Pericles ruled from 450 BCE until his death in 429 BCE. At the start of the 5th century BCE Athens had become a foul up democracy. The Aristocratic families who owned the land were fighting the larger majority who were poor. The latter(prenominal) demanded for equal rights and representation. Pericles dominated Greek politics and expanded the Athenian Empire. He assisted in developing building projects that gave jobs to the poor, these building projects include the important temple to Athena, the Goddess of wisdom. He also supported the strengthening of a political doctrine that was for egalitarianism, equal rights of speech, political equality and material prosperity in trading and industry. The Peloponnesian War pitted the Athenian democracy against the militaristic, dictatorial grievouss. In 404BCE after many years at war, the Athenian administration surrendered. The rule of the thirty, a oligarchy of ancient Athens created by Lysander under Spartan auspices, took over the government. The aristocratic leadership conducted a vicious reign of terror. Among these leaders were Charmides (Platos uncle) and Critias (Platos cousin). The Rule of the thirty was overthrown at Piraeus (now Piraivs) by Thrasybulus in 403BCE. After democracy was being restored and the rule of the thirty brought to an end, the Philosopher Socrates was charged with crimes against the government. His charges included impiety which is speaking against the gods, Athens felt that Socrates was starting a impertinent cult. He was also charged with corrupting the youth, Socrates was trying to teach theology and moral philosophy to the youth of Athens for he felt that Athenians lost their ethics in the war, but the government interpreted his teaching differently. The Council of 500 served as Socrates judge and as his jury. Two hundred and eighty-one members of the council voted to convict. They give Socrates a choice between exile and death. Socrates decides death by poison. Socrates read his excuse at his trial which was his defense.